The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.